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| 1496 |
| | | Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances | |
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| 1513 |
| | | Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific coast and claims the ocean for the king of Spain | |
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| 1515 |
| | | The Spanish complete the conquest of Cuba and establish the town of Havana | |
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| 1516 |
| | | The death of Ferdinand II results in Spain becoming part of the Habsburg empire, under the rule of Charles V (as Charles I of Spain) | |
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| 1519 |
| | | The Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes lands on the coast of Mexico with 600 men, 16 horses and about 20 guns | |
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| 1519 |
| | | Montezuma welcomes Hernan Cortes to his capital, Tenochtitlan, under the impression that he is the returning god-king Quetzalcoatl | |
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| 1519 |
| | | Cortes and his tiny force capture Montezuma, ruler of the mighty Aztec empire, in his palace at Tenochtitlan | |
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| 1520 |
| | | Cortes loses control of Tenochtitlan and has to escape in haste with his men during 'the Sorrowful Night' | |
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| 1521 |
| | | After a little more than a year Cortes recaptures Tenochtitlan and finally establishes Spanish control over Mexico | |
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| 1525 |
| | | The conquistadors, settling on land granted to them after the conquest, begin the long process of European emigration to America | |
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